Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and Fundamental Forces from Imperial College London. Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and ...

The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

A view inside a proton moving at nearly the speed of light toward the viewer with its spin pointing horizontally shows differences in the spatial distributions of the momentum of up (left) and down ...

Physicists at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) announced on 5 July that they had observed three exotic new types of particles that had never been seen before—shining a light into ...

Physicists at Cern have discovered a plethora of new exotic particles being created in the collisions produced by the Large Hadron Collider over the past few years. So many have been found, in fact, ...

James is a published author with multiple pop-history and science books to his name. He specializes in history, space, strange science, and anything out of the ordinary.View full profile James is a ...

All good things come in threes. The Standard Model of particle physics takes this motto to heart: it contains three so-called generations of elementary particles. Take the quarks as an example. In ...

The Standard Model of particles and interactions is remarkably successful for a theory everyone knows is missing big pieces. It accounts for the everyday stuff we know like protons, neutrons, ...

Some neutron stars probably have something strange lurking in their cores, according to a recent study. Neutron stars are already some of the most peculiar objects in the universe. They contain enough ...